Editing
What are we looking for when analysing editing in a clip?
· The transition between two shots
· Special effects
· 3D
· Shot duration- creates a certain effect
· Pace and rhythm- creates energetic sense or can be slow
· Continuity- order/sequence of events
· Order of shots/ shot choices:
Ø The meaning of a clip can change depending on the order the shots are cut together.
Ø Putting two shots together can suggest a connection or emphasise contrast (juxtaposition)
Ø The order of shots can reveal who motivates the edit. For example which character’s perspective is privileged and who do we start or end with.
Ø Screen time- is also part of this- which character do we see most, or which character do we see the perspective of most i.e. point of view shots
Ø This tells us which characters are most important in a scene or a particular point in the narrative.
Continuity editing:
Ø Cutting shots to tell a story with narrative continuity
Ø Helping the viewer make sense of the action by ensuring smooth flow from shot to shot.
Ø Creates realism- edit is invisible so action appeals rather than constructed.
Ø Establishing shot (establishes the space in which action is to happen)
Ø The 180 degree rule (ensures that the same space is described in each shot)
Non continuity:
Ø Montage: a sequence of shots which are about the same thing but are shown at different times to show time change. - can come under…
Ø Non- continuity editing- Continuity is broken and construction is more apparent.
Transitions:
Ø Straight cut- The process of cutting from one shot to another. Creates less of a disruption. However there are other means of transition available to a film editor such as:
Ø Fade to black
Ø Dissolve/cross fade- the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed.
Ø Wipe
Effects of a dissolve or cross fade shot is it can suggest the passage of time, emphasise a connection, perhaps what a character is thinking, remembering or dreaming about and also imply a change in location.
Shot duration/pace and rhythm
Ø The duration of a shot will usually reflect the narrative context.
Ø Short shot duration conveys action and urgency. For example in a chase sequence.
Ø Long shot duration creates a slower pace and conveys intensity and intimacy within the narrative. It allows us to focus upon facial expression and other aspect of mise en scene.
Ø Special effects can be used to further manipulate the mise en scene of a sequence
Ø Editing controls what information we get and when we get it, also what information is revealed to or hidden from the characters and audience.
Ø If you as the audience know more than the character then it can help provoke an emotional reaction. For example a point of view shot in a horror of someone watching a character behind a tree without hem been aware they are in danger.
More editing devices and terminology
Ø Ellipses –when you leave a scene on a cliff hanger. (Eastenders)
Ø Parallel editing- cross cutting or inter cutting between different locations.
Ø Split screen – when two scenes are put next to each other.
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