Sound

Learning Objectives
-List 4 types of sound used on TV drama

-recognise the sounds in a TV drama clip, and discuss the effect they have.

-Relate the use of sound in a TV Drama clip to the representations that are produced.




Diagetic- All the sound you can see
 Non-diagetic-  sounds that you can't see (voice over, Clapping)

What mood is create by a sound:

Clip 1:
Beeping- conotaions, in a rush trying to make people aware of them, stress
Crying- stressed upset worried
Music- dramatic high paced, faster and faster, louder and louder, big drum beats helped keep pace, ochracterier instimunts that relate to fastpaced chaos

Diagetic- Voices, screaming shouting (enhanced dramatic sound) - Chaos
Loud voices are louder make it more dramatic to create tenstion



Clip 2:
-Up beat music,  happy, calm, lyrics symbolise scene, voices, cheering , happy tones of voice,  song lyrics 'Perfect Day' - normal sounds, nothing unexpected
-Everything is linked to happieness assosiation with feeling good


Key termanology
-Sound Track-The recorded sound element of a film.
-Theme music/tune- a recurrent melody in the film
-Sound Effefcts- Sound s other than dialougue or music made artifficailly
-Ambient sound- Buzz and or surronding sounds
-Dialogue

Verisinilituted-  A creation of a un-realistic world in a realasistic world (Marvel

Voice over- narriation in a film not accopinaited by a schchromonused image of the speaker forming the words

Direct address- when characters speak directley to the camrea i.e the auidience

Digetic- any sound that has an onscreen source and belongs to the world of the film

Non-Diegetic- any sound does not have an onscreen source & characters onscreen do not hear it e.g some voiceovers, music.

Sound bridges- fade to next scene,  (scrubs danummm) smooth transition from one scene to anouther, a link to two scenes.

Parallel sounds- NOrmally Crying on screen =Sad sound track, happy soundtrack to a sad scene is parrelel sounds.

Contapuntal sound- sound that does not complement or fit with the image track.

Editing

Editing, Sound, Mise-en-scene and Camera Angles

Elements that would come under editing-Transaction from one shot to another (how its done)
-Cuts -removing parts that you don't want
-Adding voice overs, sound effects
-Special effects
-3D
-Order of shots/shot choices
-continuity (the sequence of shots)
-Shot duration
-Pace and rythem (fast pace=Excitment, smooth=relaxing)

Order of Shots-The meaning of a clip can change depending on the order the shots are cut together
-Certain shots next with other shots can create a completley diffrent meaning, can create contrast


Someone smiling- looking at  a baby               Someone smiling- looking at dead body

Diffrent meanings and portray character.

Editing- missed notes

Editing

What are we looking for when analysing editing in a clip?

·         The transition between two shots

·         Special effects

·         3D

·         Shot duration- creates a certain effect

·         Pace and rhythm- creates energetic sense or can be slow

·         Continuity- order/sequence of events

·         Order of shots/ shot choices:

Ø  The meaning of a clip can change depending on the order the shots are cut together.

Ø  Putting two shots together can suggest a connection or emphasise contrast (juxtaposition)

Ø  The order of shots can reveal who motivates the edit. For example which character’s perspective is privileged and who do we start or end with.

Ø  Screen time-  is also part of this- which character do we see most, or which character do we see the perspective of most i.e. point of view shots

Ø  This tells us which characters are most important in a scene or a particular point in the narrative.

Continuity editing:

Ø  Cutting shots to tell a story with narrative continuity

Ø  Helping the viewer make sense of the action by ensuring smooth flow from shot to shot.

Ø  Creates realism- edit is invisible so action appeals rather than constructed.

Ø  Establishing shot (establishes the space in which action is to happen)

Ø  The 180 degree rule (ensures that the same space is described in each shot)

Non continuity:

Ø  Montage: a sequence of shots which are about the same thing but are shown at different times to show time change. - can come under…

Ø  Non- continuity editing- Continuity is broken and construction is more apparent.

Transitions:

Ø   Straight cut- The process of cutting from one shot to another. Creates less of a disruption.  However there are other  means of transition available to a film editor such as:

Ø  Fade to black

Ø  Dissolve/cross fade- the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed.

Ø  Wipe

Effects of a dissolve or cross fade shot is it can suggest the passage of time,  emphasise a connection, perhaps what a character is thinking, remembering or dreaming about and also imply a change in location.

Shot duration/pace and rhythm

Ø  The duration of a shot will usually reflect the narrative context.

Ø  Short shot duration conveys action and urgency. For example in a chase sequence.

Ø  Long shot duration creates a slower pace and conveys intensity and intimacy within the narrative. It allows us to focus upon facial expression and other aspect of mise en scene.

 Special effects

Ø  Special effects can be used to further manipulate the mise en scene of a sequence

Ø  Editing controls what information we get and when we get it, also what information is revealed to or hidden from the characters and audience.

Ø  If you as the audience know more than the character then it can help provoke an emotional reaction. For example a point of view shot in a horror of someone watching a character behind a tree without hem been aware they are in danger. 

More editing devices and terminology

Ø  Ellipses –when you leave a scene on a cliff hanger. (Eastenders)

Ø  Parallel editing- cross cutting or inter cutting between different locations.

Ø  Split screen – when two scenes are put next to each other.